The Local Tourism Industry In Botswana Tourism Essay

The Local Tourism Industry In Botswana Tourism Essay 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO RESEARCH Botswana is a relatively small country located in Southern Africa, sandwiched between South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia. A landlocked country, however what it lacks in coastline, it more than makes up for in tourist attractions that have pulled in visitors from across the world. Known mostly for the Okavango Delta, the Kalahari Desert and its Bushmen, and the numerous wildlife sanctuaries and parks that are a host to numerous endangered species. With a population of approximately 1.8 million people, mostly Setswana speaking, it has enjoyed 40 years of independence and gained its reputation as one of the fastest developing nations since, transforming itself from one of the poorest in the world, to a middle economy country. These great achievements have propelled Botswana into recognition as one of the most politically and economically stable in Africa. For a long time, Botswanas economy has been heavily dependent on the mining industry, boasting over 75% of the countrys export earnings. Although the country is also rich in copper, nickel and gold, diamonds are the most profitable. They were first discovered in the late 1960s, and since, the industry has flourished and established itself as the worlds largest producer of gem-quality diamonds. This industry is in no doubt responsible for assisting in and facilitating the speedy development of the country. Other key sectors include the agricultural industry (exporting quality beef), textile and livestock industries, exporting quality beef. One of the most important objectives of government policy towards achieving its Vision 2016 is the diversification of the economy away from dependence on the mining sector. In recent years, the growing tourism industry has proven itself as a significant contributor to the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and economic growth. With the countrys competitive advantage of its vast natural resources and offerings, it is automatically put it in a position where it can prosper not just regionally, but internationally as well. This growth and prosperity can be attributed to initiatives taken by the government in order to boost and improve the industry. Various strategies and policies have been implemented to try and spur private investment. It has initiated campaigns for the development and improvement of the facilities in the National and wildlife parks in order to preserve the environment and its ecosystems. Foreign investment is encouraged, although only if those wishing to do so conduct joint ventures with the citizens, to promote their involvement in the development of the industry. They introduced a policy which allowed both foreign and local investors in tourism, among other selected sectors, to receive grants from the Government, clearly gave a boost to investment in tourism All these developments have led to an increase in international visitors which in turn has led to an increase in the need for accommodation, and therefore an increase in the building of hotels and lodges. Extracted from FDI AND TOURISM: THE DEVELOPMENT DIMENSION, EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA. A United Nations Case Study 2003 The hotels that have been established are both locally and internationally owned, however research reveals that ownership is dominated by international companies and individuals. The most popular of these hotels are; Sun International (a South African franchise), Cresta Hotels (another South African franchise belonging to the TA Group), The Grand Palm and Mondior Summit (a member of the South African Mondior Company). In an ideal environment, it would have been the other way around, with industrial control fully domestic instead of dependent on foreign aid. The drawbacks of having an unbalanced ownership scale (or one that is not heavily domestic) in the tourism industry, include loosing vital revenues collected to foreigners and the inability of complete revenue maximization by the government and the citizens. The presence of these multinational hotel chains is evidence that the initiatives taken by the government to boost the industry are effective. However, only to a limited extent because in order for the industry to survive, they have to allow foreign investors to participate but this is pushing the industry into the hands of these foreigners and away from those who can benefit from it the most; the citizens. With this proposal, I intend to find out if there is a relationship between the large internationally owned hotels and lodges and the significantly smaller locally owned ones. 1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM The tourism industry in Botswana is still in its growth phase, with government programs dedicated to the upgrading and development of the areas that attract most tourists. The hotel industry is one that has seen considerable growth in relation to the governments policy. In order to help expand this industry, the government has favored foreign investment and made it easier for foreigners to invest on a long term basis with political and economic stability providing an ideal investment climate. As a result, the hospitality and accommodation sectors have seen numerous international hotels, lodges and hotel chains set up around the country. Although significant for a maturing industry, the abundance of internationally owned and operated establishments signals an inequality in the ownership when compared to the locally operated establishments. The industry is dominated by foreign proprietors and it seems they are overpowering local entrepreneurship. The irony of the situation is that in order for tourists to experience the genuine Setswana environment, they would have to place themselves in an atmosphere that would reflect the true Setswana lifestyle, and that is more than often found in a locally owned establishment. The success of these international hotels is testament to numerous situations, such as: the local hotels arent performing to meet the standards of the tourists Most of the internationally operated hotels around Botswana can be classified as 5star, and for the economically well-off visitor, luxury and comfort may play a larger role than experiencing the Setswana lifestyle in choosing where to stay. There is also a level of quality that can be expected when dealing with an internationally established and world renowned hotel that may cause visitors to automatically opt for it instead of trying out a local hotel. This is not to suggest that the local hotels are not up to par, but the unfortunately the reputation of an international hotel, far exceeds that of a local one. the tourists are not aware of their services As more and more of the world business is turning electronic, i.e over the internet, more and more tourists rely on the internet to inform them on where to stay, and the use of the travel agent as an intermediary between the hotel and the tourist is slowly becoming obsolete. It has taken a little bit longer for some businesses to realize the importance of the internet as a marketing tool, and its ability to help them reach out to potential customers. Many hotels have not yet come to this realization and it is this way that they missing out on opportunities by failing to expose themselves to a wider audience. Advertising plays an important role in determining the success or failure of a company and if it fails to run an effective marketing scheme then it will receive limited responses. Either of these situations results in loss of revenue for the local hospitality and accommodation sector and all those involved. These consequences have a long term domino effect, where one situation triggers the other, or one situation is the direct or indirect consequence of another. Such as: Managerial positions are dominated by foreigners The only posts reserved for locals are those with lower salaries General failure of the industry to contribute to the development of the local community and the eradication of poverty. 1.2.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT The local tourism market in Botswana is saturated by large foreign owned hotels and this is pushing the locally owned ones into the background. 1.2.2 RESEARCH QUESTION The purpose of this research proposal is to answer the question: What is the impact of the international hotel giants on the local accommodation and hospitality market? My intention is conduct a qualitative study by interviewing local entrepreneurs to get an in-depth and personal opinion on the role that these hotel giants play in the industry. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to assess the impact that international hotel franchises have on the local hospitality and accommodation market in Botswana. This study can be broken down into categories that when concluded, should give a clear understanding of the above mentioned issue. To recognize the relationship between the abundance of the internationally operated hotels and lodges and the scarcity of locally owned ones. To determine the impact that these international giants on the local hotels. To examine the repercussions that the international hotel chains have on the local tourism industry. To develop research in this area in order to recognize how the current situation can be overcome. 1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH The reason I have chosen this particular topic is because the tourism industry in Botswana is rapidly becoming a vital contributor to the countrys GDP, as the need for economic diversification away from the mining industry becomes more urgent. As a vital part of the economy, it is important that the public be aware of all aspects that contribute to its growth. By creating public awareness on how the local market is influenced by these foreign giants, it is my hope that they will take initiatives to be more supportive and more participative in the industry. Another reason for pursuing this topic is because research previously conducted has been limited and non specific, . . . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ . RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The primary purpose of this research is to find out if and how the local entrepreneurs business has been affected by the international hotel chains. What I want find out is the experience, opinion and feelings of these entrepreneurs towards these hotels. The best way to collect this data would be through conducting an interview, specifically a structured interview. I chose this method because: It allows for me to investigate the thoughts, views, assumption, feelings, attitudes and perceptions of the interviewee which cannot be provided by any other method of data collection. It allows me to ask more complex questions and also the ability to validate the data as I collect it, which improves the overall quality of the data. Due to geographic constraints, my interviews are going to have to be conducted over the phone. The advantages of telephone interview include: More freedom for the interviewee because they are not under pressure from a face-to-face scenario, therefore the interviewee feels more comfortable. This also means that their responses will be more honest and open. SAMPLE SIZE I intend to interview a total of ten local businesses located all around the country, in order to determine whether it is a national or just localized phenomenon. I want to find out the opinion of the businessman and woman in all tourist attractions around Botswana to establish whether their view is universal. PROJECT OUTLINE Chapter 1 Introduction This starts with a brief description of Botswanas economic history and the contribution that the tourism industry is making towards it. The Research Problem describes how the introduction of International hotels signifies the growth of the industry but that may be at the expense of the local entrepreneurs. Therefore it is my responsibility with this project to find out exactly how these hotels have affected local businesses and to achieve this, I will conduct interview with ten of these businessmen and women. Chapter 2 Literature Review The exploration and analysis of secondary data procured over the internet. I will study journals related to or contributing to the topic, in order to find out the significance of my research. Chapter 3 Research Framework This is an in-depth analysis of the method of data collection, sample sizes and distribution in order to inform the reader on every step of primary data collection process. 1.7 DELIMITATIONS OF SCOPE The scope of this research is limited to local entrepreneurs in the accommodation and hospitality industry in Botswana, although only those involved in the operation of hotels, lodges or guest houses. The aim of this research is to solicit their opinion on the effect that the international hotel giants have on their businesses with the assumption is that they have all been affected either in a good or bad way by the success of these international hotels. This research will provide an analytical view of how these local businesses are doing in comparison to the hotels, and this information will be useful to these entrepreneurs in trying to improve the current situation. CHAPTER SUMMARY This chapter is an introductory chapter that starts off by describing the economic history of Botswana and the influence that the tourism industry has had. The main issue revolves around how this industry has seen the establishment of international hotels and what role these hotels play on the local hospitality and accommodation market. The research questions outline what type of information Im trying to solicit and the choice of data collection most suitable for that is through conducting interviews. http://www.bidpa.bw/docs/archive/Economic%20Diversification/TheTourismSector.pdf http://botswana.usembassy.gov/resources/commercial-section/tourism-and-investment.html

Segregation: Martin Luther King

In the early 1900s America was torn apart in a battle known as segregation. The African American race was treated unjustly and faced a tough journey. They were shoved aside and torn apart from the Caucasian Americans. There was separate railroad cars, schools, and even to such small insignificant things as separate water fountains. The white children were being taught to treat African Americans as dirty people who deserved to be separate. It created a prejudice that would take years to overcome, to completely be unselfish again. Caucasian Americans were very wrong in their thinking and they never thought about how it made African Americans feel. The African Americans of this time period were struggling to overcome this new time where they were treated as outsiders, as if they were not a part of the American people. Every single human being is uniquely different and segregation was a constant battle our fellow Americans fought to overcome, all for the sole purpose of gaining equality. There were Caucasian people who thought segregation was a good thing and supported it strongly. They didn’t think there was anything wrong with separate facilities and they didn’t even wonder about how African Americans lives were affected by this injustice. African Americans rights were basically stripped away all because they were viewed as â€Å"different. † A Florida congressman, Frank Clark, was open about his views on segregation. He truly believed segregation was a great thing and he supported this belief. When talking about the railroad cars he explains that it is good to have separate ones. He blames the conditions of the cars on the African Americans. He states to â€Å"imagine a nice, new passenger coach, packed with dirty, greasy, filthy negroes, down South in midsummer, and you can readily understand why that car does not long remain as good, as clean, and a as desirable as a similar car occupied exclusively by white travelers† (Frank Clark praises segregation 37). In this statement he was expressing his true beliefs. He also said that â€Å"if God Almighty had intended these two races to be equal, He would have so created them† (Frank Clark praises segregation 37). Frank Clark was a very firm believer in the Social Darwinism theory. He believed that white men were better because God created them that way. He was very prejudiced in his way of viewing the human races, as if whites were superior. Another person who supported segregation was George Wallace, a governor of Alabama. During his inauguration speech, he says that â€Å"in the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth, I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny and I say: segregation today, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever† (George C. Wallace, Inaugural Address as governor of Alabama 120). He wanted the Southerners to fight for segregation. He wanted them to vote and to defend â€Å"their† homeland. Wallace said that he was helping every person in the state, but in all actuality he was supporting whites only. Not as openly as some, but definitely in favor of segregation. He wanted the Southerners to be the most powerful, the Caucasian Southerners. Segregation was a very powerful movement that had everyone in an uproar. Although some saw segregation as a good thing, many others fought for their freedom wholeheartedly. For this reason, the â€Å"Separate but Equal† case eventually became overthrown. Those who fought for freedom slowly made progress. W.  E. B Du Bois, a leading African American of this time, stood up for the rights they were being robbed of. He didn’t believe Booker T. Washington was dealing with civil rights in the best way possible. Talking about the African American race, he states that â€Å"-we must unceasingly and firmly oppose them. By every civilized and peaceful method we must strive for the rights which the world accords to men, clinging unwaveringly to those great words which the sons of the Fathers would fain forget ‘We hold these truths to be self evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (W.  E. B Du Bois, â€Å"Of Mr. Booker T. Washington 33). He believed there were ignoring the fact that the stands there were already taking and the movements that had created were not working. He believed they needed to take a better stand to end segregation. Another supporter of ending segregation was pro-baseball player Jackie Robinson. He wrote a letter to President Eisenhower so that he could explain what it was like living in America this way. He wanted the president to understand what they were doing to the African American race. Robinson explains that the African Americans have been patient for too long and it was time for the country to change. He wanted the president to give them the rights they were entitled to have as Americans. He challenged the President to find a way to give them back their freedom and treat them equally. (Letter From Jackie Robinson to President Eisenhower 103). During this time period, one of the most famous speeches of all time was given. Martin Luther King’s, â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† rocked the nation to its core. He wanted to completely end segregation and create a nation that was equal. He believed that civil rights advocates should not use violence to get this freedom, but to do it in a way that showed American the true souls of the African American people. He dreamed of a day when the nation would treat everyone equally, he dreamed of a time when whites and former slaves could share a table and meal, he dreamed of Mississippi becoming a state of freedom and justice instead of oppression. Martin Luther King had a dream that children would not be judged by their skin but by who they were as individuals. He had a dream that one day we could all sing together â€Å"My country ‘tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim’s pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring! † (Martin Luther King, I have a Dream Speech 122). This was the most influential speech of all and many people took it to heart. All of these different people fought to end segregation. Segregation was a true raging enemy in the eyes of African Americans. They wanted the freedom that was promised to all American and they fought hard to gain that freedom. Many speeches, many movements and many humiliating experiences got them closer and closer to achieving their goal. Finally the Supreme Court declared segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment. This was the first progress African Americans had seen in a long time. They deserved to be treated equally. America would not be America if people were not all equally free. Freedom holds this country together, as it has for all of the years past. Segregation was a battle fought for years, but in the end was worth it for every race, ethnicity, and even religious person could have equality.

Hofstra University Application Essay Samples Help!

Hofstra University Application Essay Samples Help! Perhaps right now you're trying to enter the school that you dream about. Now things started to get really intriguing. Instead it prescribes a means to read. Get a person to read it again. The Secret to Hofstra University Application Essay Samples AdmitSee has the greatest database of successful college application files to help you get through the admission season. Dig deep to demonstrate how Chapman can help you accomplish your ends. Be aware that Hofstra does not call for ACT scores for admission for the majority of applicants. The Supreme Approach to Hofstra University Application Essay Samples I used mental preparation to keep my competitive edge for the remainder of the season. Hofstra is where to get involved and do something which you love. Throughout my childhood, I was lucky enough to have the ability to learn numerous points of views from my parents due to their special backgrounds, causing a fascinating upb ringing that I believe Barnard students possess also. My decision to visit Hofstra was among the best decisions I have ever made. The 5-Minute Rule for Hofstra University Application Essay Samples Many college applicants make the error of attempting to include all their accomplishments and activities in their application essays. The admissions officers will merely devote a brief period of time reviewing your essay, and that means you want to begin with a vivid paragraph that will keep them engaged. What's a college admission essay. Writing a good college admission essay requires a lot of creativity. Essay than the one which you may have written for undergraduate admissions. When you think that it is totally finished, you're prepared to proofread and format the essay. We give admission essays that truly do the job. These seven sample essays respond to a wide variety of thought-provoking questions. Also, you are supposed to interest the reader and represent your competence in a particular issue. But this doesn't indicate they don't know in their disciplines. There are particular common factors that signal the caliber and value of the essays. Replace a number of the cliched language. There's no too easy or too hard undertaking for us. It's very useful to take writing apart to be able to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. One of the fundamental tasks of the application essay is to follow along with the directions. What's more, aside from the countless papers on various subjects, you may have a number of other responsibilities which require substantial attention. The Chronicles of Hofstra University Application Essay Samples Both film and critical life experiences give a chance for reflection. This collection of sentence fragments is utilised to have a film camera recording on a movie collection. Discover what material you'll be able to cut and cut it. Please ensure your essay is wholly distinct from the one that you submitted on the Common Application. An essay could possibly be attached even if there isn't such a space. Stephen's essay is rather effective. This quick essay will surely be a positive bit of her application. You can't afford a careless error within this essay. As you know the principal statements of the essay, it is going to be quite simple. Let EssayEdge help you compose an application essay which gets noticed. A poorly executed essay can lead to a stellar student to become rejected. New Step by Step Roadmap for Hofstra University Application Essay Samples With just 200 words it is easily seen if you create a mistake. Once you've read through the instructions a number of occasions and gathered your notes, you can begin creating an outline to organize your essay and make a decision as to what message you need to send. You want to make an outstanding college program, which means you will likely read it over and over again in order to ensure there are not any typos and spelling and grammar errors. No matter your angle, make sure that you tell admissions something new! It's also hard to get right. You're not being requested to explain how college will allow you to grow, but how Oberlin can help you grow. Everybody is insanely useful and friendly to the point at which you truly feel as if you belong to a community when you get there. That's the reason why we gathered a pool of the greatest academic writers and always assign you the most appropriate match. Harvard simply wants increased insight into who you are as an individual and therefore don't be reluctant to demonstrate some personality! All students can work on the radio with a small training which is an immense prospect for anybody who would like to be in the communications or music business or simply want to understand more on the subject of radio generally.

Risky-shift Phenomenon and Group Polarization Essay

The aim of the present essay is to examine the strengths and the weaknesses of the â€Å"Informational Influence† theory and the â€Å"Cultural Value† theory, which are the two major theoretical accounts that attempted to explain the phenomenon of the risky-shift in group processes. At first, the introductory paragraph is concerned with the discovery of the phenomenon followed by a brief description of the two theories. Secondly, empirical evidence in support of the two theories is provided along with a critical analysis. In addition, a short paragraph of this essay is concerned with the evaluation of the methodology which was applied since the 1960s for the study of the risky-shift phenomena. In Social Psychology, the extensive body of research†¦show more content†¦On the basis of Stoner’s (1961) findings, subsequent research was conducted by Brown (1965), who advanced the â€Å"Cultural Value† theory, also known as the â€Å"risk-as-value† hypothesis, which consists of two assumptions. The first assumption is that discussion among group members concerning decisions of ambiguous consequences causes an increase in the importance of the risk value; thus, risk is considered by group members as a strong cultural value. The second assumption of this theory is that there exist differences in risk-taking behaviours reported from studies of groups drawn from Eastern and Western cultures. At first, evidence for the risky-shift phenomena among groups from the same cultural background is provided followed by cross-cultural studies examining differences in risk preferences among groups from different cultural background. Similarly to the underlying mechanisms characterizing social comparison processes, the risky-shift phenomenon occurs when an individual in a group shares private thoughts concerning a specific issue. Therefore, disclosure of other group members’ opinions causes the individual to change private judgements and to move toward risky directions by accepting the decision taken by the majority of the group (Brown, 1965). Brown’s (1965) first assumption has received considerable empirical evidence from several researchers and theorists. In fact, Crowne and Marlowe (1960) reported that individuals in a group areShow MoreRelatedRisky Shift1810 Words   |  8 Pagespsychological literature on this particular topic was written in the 1960’s/1970’s when the term Risky Shift was most popular. With more current research, the term Risky Shift has been replaced with the term Group Polarisation. (Deegs 2009:1) The term Risky Shift was first coined in in the early 1960’s and was used to describe the tendency for groups to take more risks than the same individuals within these groups would have taken had they been faced with the same problem alone. 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