Jean Paul The Philosopher Of The Twentieth Century

Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre is arguably the best known philosopher of the twentieth century. He was born in Paris France on June 21st in the year 1905, and died on April 15th 1980 at age 74. He was a French philosopher, novelist, literary critic, playwright, political activist and biographer. Jean-Paul attended the École Normale Supà ©rieure from 1924-1929 and became the professor of philosophy in 1931 at Le Havre. He is a well known figure in the philosophy of Essentialism and Phenomenology, along with being one of leaders in French Philosophy and Marxism. In the year 1964 Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature but declined the offer as he believed that â€Å"A writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution† (†Announcement.†) This showed just how much integrity Jean-Paul had for himself. Jean-Paul is very much considered to be an existentialist, the word â€Å"existential† comes from the two words â€Å"exist† and â€Å"essence†, These types of philosophers ask questions that are concerned with the essence of what it means to be alive. Jean-Paul, being an existentialist asks questions such as â€Å"What is the meaning of life?†, â€Å"What is the meaning of existence?†,â€Å"What is death?† etc. One of his most existential claims that he has made in his lifetime would without a doubt be-existence precedes essence and he bases his existential beliefs on the idea of human freedom and human morality. To be more clear this means that first we exist, and then later in life we doShow MoreRelatedExistentialism : A Very Short Introduction Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesVery Short Introduction, Thomas Flynn writes about one of the leading philosophical movements in the twentieth century: existentialism. This theory emphasizes that ea ch individual is entirely free, making them responsible and accountable for their actions or choices. With this idea, your choices are solely based on your own judgment, not anyone else’s. The book focuses on seven leading figures, Jean-Paul Sartre, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Soren Kierkegaard, Simone de Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-PontyRead MoreShakespeares King Lear vs. Tuesdays with Morrie1495 Words   |  6 Pagesessence of existentialism is authenticity of experience, asking the philosopher to undergo deep introspection. However, existentialism is perhaps most famous for its probing questions about what Friedrich Nietzsche called the tension of the soul, (2). Known colloquially as existential angst, the tension of the soul, search for meaning and purpose in life has characterized personal and collective identity formation in the twentieth century. Books like Viktor Frankls Mans Search for Meaning is quintessentiallyRead MoreThe Vienna Circle, By Rudolph Carnap And Kurt Godel992 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Vienna Circle† was a group of philosophers of the twentieth century, who met with the aim of finding the truth. These famous philosophers founded a school of thought known as logical or empirical positivism, and as a result of that, this school is highly recognized in the history of philosophy. In other words, this group, also known as a gang of philosophers, has as much right to be a school of philosophy as any other school at that time. The group included several philosophers such as Rudolph Carnap andRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism1549 Words   |  7 Pagesof cultural consciousness, which is implemented in the artistic practice of symbolism, expressionism and acmeism. In the socio-historical context, it means the period of modernism in the development of culture from the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth century, that is, from Impressionism to a new novel and the theatre of the absurd. Modernism as a world based on the principles of urbanism (the cult of the city), technologism (the cult of the industry), primitivism (the cult of the underdeveloped roleRead MoreEssay about Discuss How Psychology Developed as a Scientific Discipline1127 Words   |  5 Pagesscientific method, which involves gathering empirical and measurable evidence. A key figure in the development of psychology as a science is Renà © Descartes; a French philosopher and mathematician. Descartes was most influential in his recognition of the body and mind being two separate entities. Descartes differed from other philosophers in his proposal of dualism as he recognised that there is interaction between mind and matter, which was key in the development of psychology as a science as it leadRead MoreEssay Existentialism1050 Words   |  5 PagesExistentialism Existentialism refers to the philosophical movement or tendency of the nineteenth and twentyth centuries. Because of the diversity of positions associated with existentialism, a precise definition is impossible; however, it suggests one major theme: a stress on individual existence and, consequently, on subjectivity, individual freedom, and choice {3}. Existentialism also refers to a family of philosophies devoted to an interpretation of human existence in the world thatRead MoreExistentialist traits in works of Henrik Ibsen1442 Words   |  6 PagesExistentialism is a major twentieth century continental European philosophical movement. The label was inspired by the tendency of some of the writers like Kierkegaard, Heidegger , Sartre and Nietzsche to use the term existence for a kind of being or life unique, in their view, to human beings. Only in the case of human beings is the conduct of their life an issue for them; only they can stand out - exstare, the Latin word from which exist comes - from their lives and reflect upon them; andRead MoreEssay on Jean-Paul Sartre: Conscience to the World3214 Words   |  13 PagesJean-Paul Sartre: Conscience to the World At the time of his death on the fifteenth of April, 1980, at the age of seventy-four, Jean-Paul Sartre’s greatest literary and philosophical works were twenty-five years in the past. Although the small man existed in the popular mind as the politically inconsistent champion of unpopular causes and had spent the last seven years of his life in relative stagnation, his influence was still great enough to draw a crowd of over fifty thousand people – admirersRead MoreExistentialism, By Jean Paul Sartre1927 Words   |  8 PagesExistentialist Philosopher JP Sartre As a human beings, we have many choices that we need to make on a daily basis throughout our entire lives as well. Those choices that we make, may have consequences and may affect us or our family members in the long run. Therefore, throughout my essay I will give a summary from Jean Paul Sartre’s â€Å"Ethical Authenticity,† in chapter 10 and the â€Å"Existentialism is a Humanism,† his primary reading. I will also be answering the questions to the primary readings. Jean PaulRead More Jean-Paul Sartre: On the Other Side of Despair3090 Words   |  13 PagesJean-Paul Sartre: On the Other Side of Despair    In an age of modern pessimism and inauthentic, insignificant existence, Jean-Paul Sartre clearly stands out amongst the masses as a leading intellectual, a bastion of hope in the twentieth century. Confronting anguish and despair, absurdity and freedom, nihilism and transcendence, Sartre totalized the twentieth century... in the sense that he was responsive with theories to each of the great events he lived through as Arthur C. Danto commented